Environmental Taxation
1. Aufl. 2025
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Mark Anthony Borg
1. Introduction
Following up on the topic discussed beforehand regarding “Carbon Taxes and Emission Trading Schemes”, the aim of this thesis is to cover the Emissions Trading System 2 (hereinafter “ETS2”). At the time of publication in 2025, the ETS2 has not yet fully come into effect. However, it is envisaged that the ETS2 will play a highly effective role in carbon pricing in the European Union (hereinafter “EU”). At the time of writing, voluminous compliance obligations of the ETS2 have begun to be rolled out.
S. 470Thereby, in view of the current stage of existence of the ETS2, the aim of this thesis is to provide key insights into a potentially groundbreaking instrument, that will affect stakeholders all over the EU. Accordingly, the below research questions were examined and explored throughout this thesis.
What is the ETS2? In particular, how does it work, and what features does the ETS2 have that makes it distinguishable from the first iteration of the Emission Trading Scheme?
What are the characteristics of a tax? Is the ETS2 a tax?
What are the main challenges that practitioners are expected to face with ETS2 compliance? Will any additional guidance be required?